A alfabetização na perspectiva do letramento: a experiência de uma prática pedagógica no 2º ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

Currently, it is argued a teaching job in the early years involving both the reading instruction and literacy. This is the new and challenging task that is presented to teachers. However, what does this mean in terms of teaching? Is that, what the teacher does in the classroom, the teaching of writing, from the perspective of reading instruction literacy? Literacy, in a particular historical moment, was understood as a mere acquisition of a language code. Thereafter, due to misunderstanding of constructivist studies, came to be conceived as the inclusion of students in the world of texts, giving no credits so, to the specific aspects of the writing system. Presently, we seek to balance these two aspects. It is essential that children acquire skills inherent in the system, but at the same time the acquisition must be made through the social uses of reading and writing. To understand this process, we investigated the pedagogical practices of a teacher in a class of 2nd year of elementary school, in the Public School System in Juiz de Fora / MG, which states practicing reading instructions literacy. We analyzed it through activities in the classroom, how the teacher develops language skills (BRAZIL, 2007) along with their students. We sought in Smith (2004, 2006, 2008), Kleiman (1995), Rojo (1998, 2009), Smith and Teberosky (1991), Smith (1996), Bakhtin (2003, 2004) and Vigostski (2007, 2009) theoretical constructs to subsidize our reflections. The methodology used was an interpretative research with ethnographic characteristics. For data generation instruments were chosen observation, interview and field notes. The analysis was performed on the basis of these five axes: Writing System Ownership, Understanding and Valuing Culture Writing, Reading, Text Production and Development of Orality. We selected from the activities carried out by the teacher, inherent capabilities in each of the referred axes for being considered in the reading instruction literacy conception.In Writing System Ownership axis uses a genre, the writing of the date and the daily routine, to develop aspects inherent to the alphabetic system. Concerning to Understanding and Valuing Culture Writing the teacher engages students in significant situations of reading and writing, so that they can realize the function of learning how to read and write. The work with the axis Reading is based on the use of reading strategies which enable the readers’ understanding of socially circulating texts. By treating the Text Production axis, proposed by the collective writing of a letter to the following year colleagues. Finally, the axis of Orality Development enables students to experience a moment in which they make a poster and present it orally to the class. A teacher at work with all axes attempts to insert students into literate experiences. However, we see a lower emphasis on ownership of the axis of the writing system. Finally, we highlight the possibility of organization and systematization of work in literacy through the axes and language skills.