Amelogênese imperfeita: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

This is a literature review on Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) that objectively describes relevant scientific evidence on the most commonly used therapeutic protocols for the clinical management of patients. AI is a rare genetic anomaly observed by the malformation of evident enamel, with at least 14 hereditary subtypes, the main ones being: hypoplastic, hypomature, hypocalcified and hypomature-hypoplastic. This condition can affect the aesthetics and function of the deciduous and permanent dentition, in addition to having significant impacts on the emotional health of individuals. Correct diagnosis is extremely important and should be performed as early as possible to achieve the desired therapeutic result. Treatment should be carried out in a multidisciplinary manner, since there may be secondary manifestations caused by the condition, including anterior open bite, hypodontia, hereditary abnormalities, pulp calcification, nephrocalcinosis, dens invaginatus and taurodontism. The most commonly used materials in treatment are composite resin, glass ionomer cement and stainless steel crowns. The material of choice may vary according to the type of AI, the degree of involvement of the dental structure, the patient's age and socioeconomic aspects. There is no single protocol or material considered the gold standard that has sufficient scientific evidence for the treatment of the condition. Therefore, more studies with a longer clinical follow-up period are needed to evaluate the quality and longevity of AI therapeutic protocols.