Jornalismo negro e aquilombamento na web: práticas de escrevivência no portal Alma Preta Jornalismo sob a perspectiva analítica de fronteiras emergentes

Abstract

Journalistic objectivity emerged in the 20th century after the two great world wars and the commercialization of news. This objectivity, linked to the ideals of impartiality and neutrality, ends up not delving into systemic social problems that should be illuminated and addressed by public debate. Thus, considering that journalists are always affected by their beliefs, worldviews, race, gender and social class, many historically marginalized groups did not see themselves in news representations or, when they did, they perceived negative stereotypes reinforced by the hegemonic media. From this perspective, the purpose of this study is to explore and analyze inclusive and innovative content from the perspective of the theoreticalconceptual potential of boundaries between traditional journalistic practices and emerging alternative practices in digital journalism. We start from the premise that, although journalism is both an institutionalized practice and a form of knowledge of the world, the elements that specify it are neither natural nor immutable; they are social constructions that develop and change over time based on cultural, political and technological changes in specific historical and situational contexts. In this line, we took as our research object the natively digital agency Alma Preta Jornalismo (APJ), founded in 2015, which positions itself as a counter-hegemonic outlet, whose agenda is focused on coverage of identity, daily life and causes linked to the black population in Brazil, more specifically taking as a cut the texts published in the O Quilombo editorial section, from May 2023 to June 2024. In an initial data count, through the Instant Data Scraper software, 81 texts published in this editorial section were found during the aforementioned period. In exploratory pre-empirical research, we identified that O Quilombo presents texts by journalists/communicators, which do not fit into the traditional demarcation of informative and opinionated journalistic genres, due to the characteristics of portraying collective experiences and subjective experiences, which leads us to the working hypotheses of “escrevivência” practices in journalism – a neologism created in literature by the Brazilian writer Conceição Evaristo. Through Content Analysis (Bardin, 2011), combining documentary research and pragmatic narrative analysis (Motta, 2013), we examine Alma Preta Jornalismo as “border work” (Carlson, 2019) and the editorial section O Quilombo as a “border object” in the context of Brazilian alternative digital professional journalism. We found that this journalism brings decolonial elements, thus contributing to confronting journalistic impartiality and traditional objectivity. By going beyond these limits, APJ behaves as boundary work and O Quilombo section being a boundary object. Furthermore, all texts written by women have writing markers by carrying within them an individual Afrocentric and collective feminine perspective.