Medidas TBT e SPS e o desempenho dos países nas Cadeias Globais de Valor

Abstract

The fragmentation of production processes into Global Value Chains (GVCs) allows each country to specialize in the stages that have comparative advantages, thus reducing costs and increasing global productivity. In this scenario, non-tariff measures such as TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) and SPS (Sanitary and phytosanitary measures) have ambiguous effects: when restrictive, they act as barriers and generate additional costs; when informative, they can facilitate trade by guaranteeing a higher quality product. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the imposition of TBT and SPS measures on the countries’ performance in CGVs, measured by domestic value added in exports between 1995 and 2019, using a gravity trade model. The results showed that these measures negatively affected the value added in exports of the agriculture, forestry and fishing sectors and manufactured products in the period. Therefore, it is important to avoid unnecessary measures or those with merely protectionist intentions in order to maximize global productive efficiency, while recognizing the need for those with legitimate objectives.