Reutilização de resíduos na construção civil a partir do conceito de projeto para desconstrução

Abstract

The construction industry is one of the activities that generates the most solid waste, contributing significantly to urban waste. This waste generation creates numerous demands concerning how to dispose of it and reduce disposal. The reuse and reintegration of this waste into the production chain have proven to be viable solutions for reducing discarded waste volume and decreasing the exploitation of natural resources. In this context, this study analyzes the composition of waste from various construction phases, specifically highlighting concrete, wood, steel, plaster, ceramics, glass, and plastic. The problems and challenges caused by inadequate management of these wastes include landfill overcrowding and environmental pollution. However, proper management practices, such as material recycling, can turn these challenges into opportunities, promoting a circular economy. This study's methodology involved conducting a bibliographic review of studies on the topic, selecting three primary studies as the basis for evaluating the methods and results presented. The concept of Design for X was studied, which considers factors such as disassembly and sustainability during the construction design, providing greater efficiency and effectiveness in waste management. Furthermore, the studies provided proposals and guidelines for deconstruction/demolition, focusing on selecting materials that facilitate reuse, such as modular construction systems and modeling technologies (BIM) for process optimization. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the adoption of sustainable practices in the construction industry represents a promising route for both reducing environmental impacts and fostering technological innovation. Thus, the incorporation of design guidelines for waste reuse demonstrates the feasibility of the circular economy.