Efeito das habilidades sobre os retornos salariais dos jovens no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro

Abstract

This research aims to understand the wage gap between young people aged 15 to 29 in the Brazilian formal labor market. The motivation for this empirical work derives from the hypothesis that workers have different levels of skills and abilities. As a consequence of this hypothesis, jobs that require specific skills tend to pay higher salaries in order to compensate for the shortage of qualified workers in the positions occupied. The central question of the research is: what skills are most valued by young people and which skills would facilitate their insertion in the Brazilian formal labor market and subsequent permanence? To this end, descriptive statistics, Mincerian regression and estimation of individual and firm fixed effects were used based on data from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) from 2003 to 2014, in order to cover the period of economic growth characterized by an increase in the supply of formal jobs, reduction in income inequality and significant increases in average levels of education. The evidence indicates that analytical and interactive skills exercised in the task packages of occupations contribute to the increase in the wage premium for young people, even more robustly than other skills. In addition, the study found evidence that young people prevail in occupations that demand skills that pay them less, such as routine cognitive and routine manual skills