Representações e práticas de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre a violência nos territórios no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais

Abstract

Violence, due to its various forms of expression and magnitude, is a major concern for society, becoming a public health problem. Family Health Strategy teams, which work in territories characterized by high social vulnerability, crossed by numerous expressions of social issues, such as hunger, unemployment, difficulties and lack of access to public policies, lack of urban infrastructure, and drug trafficking, live with various levels and forms of violence on a daily basis. Therefore, the study had as its research question: what is the impact of violence on the health and daily lives of Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG? The objective of this study was to understand the perception of physicians, nurses, nursing technicians and community health agents who work in a family health unit in a geographically recognized location in this municipality as having the highest rate of violence, regarding the impact that violence has on their routines and care actions, as well as to describe the consequences of violence on the personal lives and health of these professionals. This is a qualitative research study, with data obtained from semistructured interviews with 15 health professionals, covering socioeconomic and family profile; study and work history; work territory and violence. The field diary was used to record impressions and additional information throughout the field research. Subsequently, the data were analyzed, following the criteria of the Content Analysis technique. The study made it possible to understand that violence in the territories is understood and experienced differently, between workers who live in the community and among workers not linked to the care community. Situations of violence compromise the performance of activities in the field, in the community, and in the establishment of the bond between the professional and the user, in addition to affecting health care and being associated with job dissatisfaction, being listed as a factor of illness in the work context. It is expected that this study will be a trigger for the development of new strategies to face the consequences of violence in these contexts with benefits to health professionals and, consequently, to users and the Unified Health System (SUS).