Tríade da mulher atleta e fatores associados em praticantes de modalidades esportivas estéticas

Abstract

The female athlete triad is defined by three interrelated conditions: amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorder. Since 2007, it has been understood that each component of this triad exists on a spectrum, which has been renamed as: menstrual function, bone mineral density, and energy availability. Thus, an athlete can range from health to illness in each component, with particular emphasis on the last aspect, which can range from high to low energy availability.This dissertation aimed to verify the existence of association and its effects between the female athlete triad and psychological aspects in practitioners of aesthetic sports and was divided into seven chapters. This work is characterized as a parallel mixed-method. One stage was qualitative and consisted of a literature review conducted through a systematic review. The other stage was quantitative, involving data collection from practitioners of sports modalities that prioritize thinness and analysis of these data. The results of this study are described in the form of articles and divided by stage of research execution. The first article presents the systematic review entitled: "Components of the female athlete triad in practitioners of aesthetic sports: a systematic review" (ARTICLE A). With the objectives of identifying studies that evaluated the female athlete triad and its components in practitioners of aesthetic sports and observing if the research indicates associations between these components and other issues, such as biochemical markers, age, anthropometric measurements, body image dissatisfaction or risk for eating disorder. The study provided detailed information on the evidence regarding the instruments used, as well as on the individual aspects that make up the female athlete triad and their associations. The second article presents the results of the research on body image dissatisfaction or risk for eating disorder in sports practitioners and is titled: "Body image dissatisfaction and risk for eating disorder in the female athlete triad in aesthetic sports" (ARTICLE B). This article aimed to explore the impact of body image dissatisfaction or risk for eating disorder on the triad in practitioners of aesthetic sports. The results showed that body image dissatisfaction or risk for eating disorder have an effect on the female athlete triad in adolescent and adult female practitioners of aesthetic sports. This work contributes to the understanding of health in practitioners of aesthetic sports in the context of the triad, body image, and risk for eating disorder.