Cirurgia parendondôntica: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Apical surgery emerges as a crucial alternative in dentistry, playing a fundamental role in tooth preservation and addressing challenging apical lesions. Scientific literature suggests that this surgical approach can yield favorable outcomes and predictable healing in cases where losing a tooth would be an undesirable option. However, to fully comprehend the panorama of the prognosis associated with apical surgery, it is vital to consider a series of factors that influence this outcome. The aim of this work was to conduct a literature review on apical surgery, analyzing the timing of decision-making for surgeries, their step-by-step procedures, and the specific cases in which they are recommended. The prognosis of apical surgery is multifaceted and encompasses variables such as the patient's systemic conditions, time elapsed since the initial lesion, the patient's age and gender, the specific type of affected tooth, dimensions of the apical lesion, the origin of the lesion itself, the amount of adjacent bone loss, the presence or absence of preoperative pain, the quality of previous endodontic treatment, the adequacy of root canal filling, the effectiveness of coronal sealing, and the precision of performed apicoectomy. However, it is worth noting that, despite the importance of these factors, current literature still lacks robust studies that extensively explore the prognosis of apical surgery. This study highlights the complexity of elements that influence the prognosis of apical surgery. Despite the urgent need for more comprehensive and detailed research to support clinical decisions, this surgical modality remains a promising option. A thorough and individualized analysis of these factors is fundamental to ensure the success of apical surgery in clinical practice.