Análise da farmacoterapia em pacientes que necessitam de cirurgia bucal: uso de anticolinérgicos e interações medicamentosas potenciais

Abstract

In Brazil, a high prevalence of medication use is observed in the general population, which can significantly interfere with the dental clinic. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacotherapy and drugs with anticholinergic activity used by patients who sought dental care at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, in addition to identifying the risks of potential drug interactions (DI) between the drugs being used by the patient and those commonly prescribed by the dentist in the surgical postoperative period. For this purpose, an analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which data from 100 patients, including adult individuals of both sexes, aged 18 years or older, were collected through an exploratory questionnaire. Continuous use medications self-reported by patients were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) system and to assess exposure to anticholinergic medications, the Brazilian Scale of Medications with Anticholinergic Activity, developed by Nery and Reis, was used. To estimate the risks of DI among the drugs consumed by patients and those commonly prescribed by dentists in the postoperative period, the Drugs.com database was used. The mean age of patients included in the study was 52 years, and 62% were female. A total of 348 drugs were identified, among which the most used belonged to the Cardiovascular System and Nervous System categories. On average, each patient was using 3.5 ± 2.3 medications. Polypharmacy was found in 25% of the volunteers. In addition, 34 drugs with anticholinergic activity being used by the participants were identified and 49% of the interviewees used at least 1 drug with anticholinergic activity. A total of 1466 potential MIs were identified, among the patients, 46 could have at least 1 serious MI potential and 99 had at least 1 moderate MI potential. Thus, it is concluded that in the surgery clinic studied, a high prevalence of medication use by patients was found, with a high frequency of at least 1 medication with anticholinergic activity. In addition, a considerable number of MIs of moderate to severe importance were identified. Such knowledge can help dentists in making clinical decisions and rationally prescribing medications.