Características sociodemográficas dos indivíduos internados para o serviço de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial em um hospital de Minas Gerais antes e durante a pandemia pelo COVID-19

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine hospitalizations in a public hospital located in the interior of Minas Gerais before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was realized. The medical records of all patients admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service (CTBMF) between 2019 and 2021 were analyzed. Clinical information, sociodemographic data and hospitalization dates were collected. Statistical analysis included descriptive methods using R software, as well as chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, with a significance level of 0.05%, using JASP software. Results: 143 medical records were examined, and the results showed that most hospitalizations involved male patients (82.5%). The main causes of hospitalization were motorcycle accidents (37.8%), oral and maxillofacial infections (21.7%) and physical assaults (11.9%). As for diagnoses, the most common conditions included mandible fractures (50 cases), abscesses/cellulitis (22 cases), nasal fractures (14 cases) and fractures of the zygomatic-maxillary complex (13 cases). There were no significant differences in age (p=0.94) and causes of hospitalization between the periods evaluated (p=0.31). There was also no significant association between an increase or decrease in oral and maxillofacial bone fractures (p=0.35) or infections (p=0.15) before and during the pandemic. However, a significant association was noted in relation to gender (OR 0.98, CI 0.03 - 1.92, p=0.04), with fewer hospitalizations of women during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Regarding hospitalizations due to infection, there were significant differences according to gender (OR 1.57, CI 0.65 - 2.50, p=4.38e-4), with a higher number of hospitalizations among male patients for this reason in all periods evaluated. Hospitalizations due to oral and maxillofacial bone fractures (n=103) were predominantly among male patients (OR 1.30, CI 0.40-2.19, p=6.01e-3), and it was observed that most patients hospitalized due to violence (gunshots or physical assaults, n=21) had bone fractures (OR 2.24, CI 0.33 - 5.99, p=8.21e-3). Conclusion: There has been a reduction in the number of hospitalizations at the CTBMF Service during the pandemic, with a corresponding decrease in the number of hospitalizations of women. However, the causal factors of hospitalizations did not change significantly compared to 2019, which was the last year before the start of the pandemic.