Trauma oclusal e periodontia: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are a pathological process that negatively affect the periodontium, often gingivitis and periodontitis. Occlusal trauma is a term used to describe injuries resulting from tissue changes in the attachment apparatus, including the periodontal ligament, supporting alveolar bone, and cement, as a result of occlusal loads. The influence of occlusal trauma on periodontal disease has been extensively examined throughout history, in clinical studies and animal models. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the relationship between occlusal trauma and periodontal disease. Animal and human studies suggest the existence of an association between occlusal trauma and changes in the periodontium, in the presence or absence of inflammation. There is no evidence to support traumatic occlusion as a factor in the initiation of periodontitis, but rather as an intensifier of tissue destruction caused by this disease. Among the clinical criteria suggestive of occlusal trauma, there is consensus regarding the association between the presence of tooth mobility and increased periodontal attachment loss.