Perfil epidemiológio e sociodemográfico da esquistossomose mansoni na Região de Saúde de Ubá, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

Schistosomiasis mansoni is a disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma mansoni, and is responsible for socioeconomic impact in several Brazilian states, including Minas Gerais. In this state, the disease is heterogeneously distributed, with areas of low to high prevalence. The health region of Ubá, comprised of 12 municipalities, is located in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais and is considered to have a low prevalence of schistosomiasis, with an uneven profile regarding the distribution of cases. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of Schistosomiasis mansoni in the region, based on data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) and Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES-MG) from 2013 to 2022; to determine the epidemiological and sociodemographic profile of the health region of Ubá and compare it with that of Brazil; as well as to analyze the temporal trend of infection in the period analyzed. A total of 173 cases were reported, and the municipality of Ubá recorded the highest absolute number of notifications (about 80%; 111 cases). On the other hand, in the analysis of the number of cases per 10,000 inhabitants, Ubá occupied the third position among the municipalities. Divinésia, Piraúba, and Tocantins, municipalities that border Ubá, were important both in the total number of cases reported in absolute numbers and per 10,000 inhabitants. The temporal analysis showed the occurrence of variation in the number of cases of the disease in the municipalities, and Ubá and Tocantins presented the highest numbers of cases in all years of the time series. It is noteworthy that the notifications, in general, grew until 2016, with a decrease in 2017. It was also possible to observe that the disease is a health problem in various age groups, being more prevalent between 20 and 59 years of age. Although it affects both genders, males have the highest number of notifications (~60%), with a higher occurrence of people with incomplete elementary school education (28%), self-declared white (>60%), and coming from urban areas (~75%). All the infected who had their data filled out evolved to cure the disease. We also verified that there is a lag in SINAN notifications of almost five years when compared to those of SES-MG, which can negatively impact research on the disease in Brazil. The present study confirms the presence of Schistosomiasis mansoni in the health region of Ubá, and shows that the sociodemographic profile of infected individuals follows the national pattern. The results found can subsidize epidemiological surveillance programs not only in the municipalities of the Regional Interagency Commission (CIR), but also to be applied in other municipalities of the region