Estudo dos efeitos de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis sobre parâmetros clínicos da doença periodontal

Abstract

Due to its high prevalence, Periodontal Disease (PD) is an illness with a significant impact on the health of the population. It consists in an inflammatory process of the gum as a result of the imbalance between external factors, aggression by bacteria and the body defense capacity. The individual's immune response plays an important role in onset and progression of PD, which can be influenced by biological and behavioral risk factors. PD can be classified as gingivitis and periodontitis. It is known that some non-communicable chronic diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs) can present some association with the manifestation of PD and with the patient's overall health status. In addition to that, the medications used by the patients to treat these pathologies interfere in several systemic processes. Consequently, they might modulate the manifestation of PD. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to assess the effects of systemic pathologies and medication use on the clinical manifestation of PD. To such end, we collected and analyzed data extracted from patients' medical charts and stored in the collection of the Periodontics academic discipline, Dentistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora/Governador Valadares Campus (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/Campus Governador Valadares, UFJF/GV). The data obtained included diverse information about Probing Depth (PrD) and Insertion Level (IL), in addition to data referring to identification, age, presence of systemic pathologies, presence or absence of harmful habits, and medications used by the individuals. After data analysis, we can see that both the subjects with DM and those with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), as well as those with GIDs, presented higher PrD and IL values; where SAH is the most frequently found pathology among the individuals studied. This first result shows that the non-communicable chronic diseases under study present an association with PD, being related to deterioration in important clinical parameters such as PrD and IL, which suggests a worse manifestation of PD in the subjects.