Utilização e análise de uma sequência didática com metodologias ativas como proposta para o ensino de genética

Abstract

Currently, genetics has gained great notoriety in the media, causing many of its terms and concepts, such as DNA and mutation, to become present in the daily lives of all citizens regardless of whether they have scientific knowledge or not. Despite this, the traditional expository teaching of genetics content practiced in most high schools has not proved to be an effective tool to lead the student to a full scientific literacy and a contextualization with current issues. Therefore, the use of active teaching methodologies can represent an important tool for changes in this scenario. The present study was designed to develop and analyze a didactic sequence with active genetics teaching strategies carried out with students from three classes of 3rd year of high school at Colégio Estadual Antônio Carlos Magalhães in the city of Itabela/BA. Before and after the development of the activities of the didactic sequence, the students participating in the research elaborated conceptual maps referring to the theme in order to verify the level of knowledge about the basic concepts of Genetics developed with the use of active resources. In addition, after each class with active methodology, students answered a usability questionnaire regarding the activity performed. Taking into account that the school, where the research was carried out, worked with a hybrid teaching system (in-person and remote classes) due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it was necessary to adapt the activities. The information obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed qualitatively and data obtained from the mental maps were analyzed quantitatively. From the analysis of the maps, we verified that the final maps obtained scores statistically higher than the scores of the initial maps (p>0.000001). Thus, we conclude that the use of alternative teaching methods can enhance the construction of knowledge in relation to basic concepts related to genetics.