Zoneamento da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraibuna (MG) para fins agropecuários sustentável

Abstract

Sustainability is an issue that has been addressed for a long time, however, in recent decades, major environmental issues have become the focus of numerous international discussions, given the enormous impact of the human way of life on nature, particularly due to the economic and social dimensions. Currently, in Brazil, changes in land use are the great bottleneck for environmental issues. In the year 2020, the division of these uses in the country was as follows: agriculture had 30.9% of all Brazil, this percentage, in turn, was divided into: agriculture (21%), mosaic (17%), forestry (3%) and pasture (59%). The urban area occupies 0.7%; water bodies, 2.2%; natural formation, 6.6%, this being subdivided between countryside formation, with 84%, and others, with 16%. Forests occupied 59.6% of the area and, of this percentage, forest formation corresponded to 78%; savannah formation, 22%, and others, <1% (MapBiomas, 2020). Given this, this research aims to perform the environmental zoning of the Paraibuna River Basin (BHRP) for agricultural purposes in a sustainable way. The methodology used started with the creation of a cartographic base with the use of geotechnologies to support zoning. Initially, base maps were generated for the fragility map: pedology, slope, and land use and occupation; in the second step, maps of the Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Areas of Restricted Use (AUR) were created. Finally, the Zone of Legal Restrictions, Rural Productive Zone, Urban Zone and Zone of Incongruence were established in order to create a synthesis map for environmental zoning for agricultural purposes. As a result, a concrete spatialization of the land use and occupation map was established, so that one can understand the changes in use today; the fragility map indicated the places with greater sensitivity, especially in regions where conflict with the APP exist, guiding for the recovery of these areas. The map-synthesis of zones indicated areas where agricultural expansion can have a sustainable advance, in addition to the AUR, as regions where agricultural advance can be explored with conservationist management