A mulher e o parto no Brasil: desumanização do nascer?

Abstract

The present work is a prerequisite for the conclusion of the Master's degree in Social Work at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, having childbirth and women in Brazil as objects of study. Debates were developed about birth in history, analyzing pre-capitalist Brazilian society and the transformations that capitalism brought to this event. In addition, guidelines that the women's movement historically brings about sexual and reproductive rights and childbirth were presented, besides the State's responses to these claims. Understanding the relevance of the humanization movement of care and childbirth to the current situation of birth, bibliographic research was carried out regarding the conception of humanization itself, as well as its application in the real movement, according to the works published on the Scielo platform from 2003 to the present days. The results reinforce a conception of the policy related to care and changes in the care paradigm, beyond affirming the importance of professionals such as nurses and doulas, and the necessary modification of the central and hierarchical role of doctors in the delivery process. Presenting the limits and contradictions of this debate detached from the social determinations that involve the practice, we try to make a synthesis of the central elements for a proposal that recognizes the limits of this in the bourgeois society and that, then, manages to capture the movement of the real to base the proposal of humanization advocated in the present work. We believe that this dissertation contributes to the construction of a historical panorama about birth in Brazil and presents a new proposal, in the Marxist field of real analysis, to approach the contradictions and phenomena that involve childbirth.