Análise da distribuição espacial do PRONAF no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil

Abstract

This study seeks to explain the spatial distribution of rural credit in Brazil, considering the economic, cultural, and climatic differences between states and regions. For this, firstly, the historical contextualization of the formation of the rural credit environment in the country was made, since the emergence of the National Rural Credit System (SNCR) through mainly the methods, innovations and greater amplitude achieved with the creation of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture (PRONAF). The focus of this study is precisely the family farmer, historically helpless by public policies since the emergence of the model adopted by Brazil for the provision of rural credit, and who with the emergence of PRONAF obtained greater possibilities and specific financing lines for each type of activity carried out. in the field. Since the arrival of PRONAF, rural producers have been able to improve production methods, obtain more technical assistance, increase their productivity, and sell their production with higher quality, obtaining greater ease with less bureaucracy for the distribution of rural credit. However, the research confirmed previous studies, which claimed that there was great inequality in the capture of PRONAF resources by Brazilian regions, with emphasis on the South region, which historically demonstrated greater organization of family producers, including being the pioneer region in the emergence of rural credit cooperatives in Brazil, favoring the arrival of resources from federal programs. For the purposes of comparison and demonstration of this disparity between regions, the work uses federal data to verify the division of PRONAF resources by regions between the years 2013 and 2021, and uses the main productions financed by PRONAF in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, since they are the two regions that historically have a large share of the national GDP with their crops.