O autogerenciamento de pessoas submetidas ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas

Abstract

Self-management of care represents an important tool in people's lives, as it refers to the individual's achievement of knowledge, skills and autonomy in the face of a chronic condition. The study aimed to build guidelines to meet the demands for self-management of health care for people with onco-hematological diseases undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). This is an exploratory qualitative research, developed in two stages, using the Convergent Care Research (PCA) as a methodological framework. Data were collected at the hematology outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF), after approval by the Ethics Committee for Research in Human Beings of the aforementioned institution, under Opinion n. 3,842,779, in compliance with Resolution 466/2012, of the National Health Council. Twelve patients and five nurses participated in this study. In the first stage, data were collected from the patients by phone call, in the period between January and February 2021, using a semistructured script. For the operationalization of the interviews, the textual data analysis software Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (Iramuteq) was used, focusing on the content analysis proposed by Bardin. Once this step was completed, the next step was taken, carried out with the nurses, in the small discussion group in an online meeting, held on August 25, 2021. All testimonies were audio-recorded and transcribed, and anonymity has been secured through codes. As a result, from the first stage of the research, six classes emerged that were systematized into three categories, I: Discovery of the cancer diagnosis and course of treatment; II: Support for the development of health care self-management actions and III: Perceptions, needs and support: subsidies for selfmanagement. From these results emerged meanings and demands for selfmanagement. In the second stage of the research, these demands were reflected in the discussion group and ratified by the participants, thus indicating the guidelines to meet the demands for self-management of health care for people with oncological disease who underwent HSCT. The results showed the importance of carrying out self-management in the post-HSCT phase, and the guidelines found will allow a better understanding of the needs experienced for the individual's adaptation to the health/disease process.