Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS e fatores associados

Abstract

The objective of the work was to characterize people living with HIV / AIDS monitored by the Specialized Assistance Service (SAE) of Juiz de Fora MG and to evaluate the factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) of this population. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 349 people living with HIV / AIDS. Data collection was performed usinga questionnaire containing socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral data (use of alcohol, illicit drugs, condoms) and comorbidities. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL HIV Bref) questionnaire,which is subdivided into six domains (1. Physical; 2. Psychological; 3. Level of independence; 4. Social Relations; 5 Environment, 6. Spirituality) and the general quality of life (general QOL). Non-hierarchical cluster analysis (cluster) using the k-means algorithm was used, with the scores obtained for each domain and general QOL. It was analyzed by Chi-square which variables characteristic of the individuals were associated with the QOL conglomerates. Finally, logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with QOL. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, variables with p <0.20 were selected, which were applied in the second stage through multiple logistic regression, conducted in a hierarchical manner. The results of the cluster analysis showed the existence of three clusters that were classified as:low, medium and high QOL. There was a linear trend of increasing male proportions (p = 0.0008950), white skin color (p = 0.004886), family income (above three wages) (p = 0.01201), viral load undetectable (p = 0.003887), low risk of alcoholism (p = 0.0005355) and absence of comorbidities (p = 0.000000102), and decreased rate of associated mental illness (p <0.0000001), in the sense of the lowest conglomerate to the highest quality of life values. There was a predominance of male individuals (65%), browns (41.8%), heterosexuals (55.9%), low education (44.1%), with individual income of up to one minimum wage. Most individuals had an undetectable viral load (75.6%) and a CD4 T lymphocyte count above 500 cells/mm³ and absence of comorbidities(61.6%). Among the participants, (74.2%) were at low risk for alcoholism and 58.7% never used illicit drugs. Considering the scores presented, quality of life was considered satisfactory. By adjusting the multiple logistic regression, it was noted that some variables remained independently associated with QOL in the domains explained in the parentheses presented below: gender (1, 2, 5), age group (1), race / skin color (5), family income (1), employment (3, general QOL), education (5), religion (4), marital status (3), consumption of illicit drugs (2, 4, 5), risk of alcoholism (4, 5 ), comorbidities (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, general QOL). The variables that measured the degree of social vulnerability, behavioral aspectsand others related to the presence of comorbidities were associated with the individuals' QoL. Thus, the study demonstrated that the quality of life of people living with HIV / AIDS is not limited only to biological and individual demands, but encompassessocioeconomic, behavioral and health aspects.