Tipos psicológicos, polaridade e energia psíquica

Abstract

The notion of typology permeates the entire work Carl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist born in 1865 and died in 1961, assuming that psychic dynamics are the combination of several internal and external factors, and that the psyche is a system of constant self-regulation in the development of personality. To think of this self-regulation is to think of dynamics and typological varieties (Jung, 2013, v. 8/1), from which the name “psychological types”, whose model presents different individual psychic personalities. The Jungian model (Jung, 2013, v. 6) is based on two profiles - extroversion and introversion - , derived from four basic functions: thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition, which can oscillate and alternate over the years, from external and internal demands. Unlike other personality types, it addresses the effects of the individual versus world attitudinal relationship, a sensitive process derived from the intersection of individual and collective factors. This study proposed to the Graduate Program in Psychology at UFJF, developed in the History and Philosophy of Psychology line, about the typology developed by Jung, its importance and how it permeates the entire framework of Analytical Psychology, in the collection Obras Completas de Carl Gustav Jung. The description of Jung's psychological type model, in this respect, was important to clarify how the fundamental concepts and meanings of Jungian theory operate, specifically, and to understand analytical psychology in general. It focuses, above all, on the notion of opposites and certain aspects such as psychic energy, the individuation process, energy flow and personality. It is not the purpose of analytical psychology, with its concept of typology, to imprison the individual in watertight and hermetic categories, an attitude that, a priori, would not return to any benefit from a personal, scientific or therapeutic point of view. Rather, the typological model, with the concepts of psychic energy and polarity, understands that these systems are in frank dynamism, operating in a synchronous, incessant and dynamic way, being, therefore, difficult to treat them in isolation. Therefore, they must be seen as interactive and flexible structures, referring to systemic human processes, and not mechanical, whose function is, above all, to facilitate the understanding of the events of polarity, energy, transcendence and individuation. The proposal wants to reflect in parallel on the analyst-analysand interaction in the therapeutic dynamics, aiming to understand the different dimensions present in the personality from the production of Jung (2013, v. 8/1) and, above all, of his contribution in the psychotherapeutic environment. The choice of the theme resulted from questions raised during the contact with Analytical Psychology, perceiving the influence of this model, and how Jung develops his theory and its interconnected concepts. This is a theoretical-qualitative investigation about the concepts Psychological Types, Polarity and Psychic Energy, a very relevant basis for understanding Analytical Psychology. The intention is to demonstrate how the concept of psychological types can and should be better understood and explored, deepening knowledge in the field of Analytical Psychology and contributing to the psychotherapeutic process, opening new paths towards the expansion of consciousness and the individuation of the subject.