Gramática do nacionalismo: repensando o conceito

Abstract

The present study aims to problematize the concept of nationalism, its relation with patriotism and its relevance to the current political landscape. Stemming from the aspect that nationalism, a dear element to the modern political organization, has been redesigned in politics by threatening figures to societies operation and its representative systems, such as Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro. Therefore, our work places itself in the research field known as “democracies crisis”. To accomplish this endeavor, we understand nationalism as a grammar of life, comprehended in all of its fully extension. Our inspiration to sustain this argument it is jointly given with Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy, which points out the grammar as a form of life ruler. Besides that, the wittgensteinian concept allows a productive distinction between nationalism and patriotism, since such approach doesn’t work with the predication switch, but with the capture of elements that form the language-game. Our methodological option justifies itself because nationalism is not an “event”, but rather, mainly, an identity which is found in manifestations of the social. Thus, we are going to pursue the understanding of nationalist grammar through a critical perspective in comparison with the usual dichotomy between “civic-political nationalism” and “cultural nationalism”, since this vision divides culture from politics, and this very conduct, in our view, is not fruitful when it comes to a sociological analysis. After this movement, we introduce our main hypothesis: the right-wing nationalism differentiates itself from the “classical nationalism” in a central aspect, which is the presence of the State. The latest that becomes the flagship of modern society’s development, in the current speech has been attacked by ideologies which introduce family, religion and nation as society’s moral epicenter, subordinating, therefore, the State functions.