Influência da macrogeometria do implante na formação de microdanos ósseos: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Since the beginning of the titanium implant usage in oral rehabilitation, many studies took place in order to optimize the treatment and eliminate any surgical failures and implant loss. For that, it is necessary to study many variables, such as bone quality and insertion torque. This study revised the literature regarding some of these factors, focusing on the implant’s macro and microgeometry and the influence it partakes in bone damage on the peri-implant bone. It’s known that bone damage is a natural consequence of physiological processes, as well as surgical processes, like the insertion of implants, but in cases in which there is excess damage, they can accumulate in a higher speed than bone remodel is able to keep up, resulting in fracture and preventing a satisfactory osseointegration from happening. Looking for a way to avoid such consequences, there is a search for the geometry that best behaves in maxillary and mandibular bones, to increase the process’ success rates. Although most of the studies that got any results with statistical relevance recommended hybrid implants, many of them did not achieve any statistical relevant results – implying that the geometry plays no role in the bone damage scenario – so there is still a demand for studies in this area to define, after all, witch geometry is best, if there is one.