Aspectos gerais, mecanismos imunológicos e novas perspectivas das doenças peri-implantares

Abstract

The use of implants for treatment of dental absences is a common procedure in Dentistry, with high predictability and safety. Although the possibility of successful implant is high, about 5% to 11% are unsuccessful, being removed in 10 to 15 years. Among the biological complications that may arise after placement, periimplant diseases stand out. The occurrence of periimplant diseases is associated with proliferation and adherence of microorganisms on the implant surface, and may present more mildly, with periimplant mucositis, or more aggressively through periimplantitis. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the updated literature on periimplant diseases, to elucidate immunological mechanisms and to present new perspectives in the area. A search was made for scientific articles on the proposed theme, including systematic reviews with meta-analysis, controlled clinical studies, prospective studies, experimental studies, clinical case reports and literature reviews. Based on the articles included in the study, it was possible to conclude that, despite being an infectious disease, the host response plays an important role in immune modulation, through the production of cytokines, and in the prognosis of periimplant mucositis and of periimplantitis.