Monitoramento da carga de treinamento em jovens atletas de handebol feminino

Abstract

The objective of the study was to monitor the training load (CT) of young female athletes in the Handball modality through an objective (Heart rate) and subjective (Subjective Effort Perception) method, characterizing the CT of the modality, identifying the relationship between the objective and subjective methods, as well as the relationship between training loads and games, in addition to the relationship between the CTs presented in each position. This monitoring occurred in two studies, the first (Study 1) with 14 athletes from a team affiliated to the Minas Gerais Handball Federation, during twelve training sessions, involving training and friendly matches, which were monitored through Heart Rate (HR) , using Polar Team Pro, and the CT was established using Edwards' TRIMP, establishing the percentage in which the athlete remained in each of the five HR zones. In the second study (Study 2), 10 athletes from a team affiliated to the Minas Gerais Handball Federation were monitored during eleven weeks of training, involving eight weeks of preparation and three weeks of competition. All training sessions and games were monitored by quantifying the TC through the Subjective Perception of Effort (PSE). The results showed an oscillatory characteristic of the loads in both studies, with a positive and moderate and statistically relevant relationship (r = 0.36; p<0.001) between the objective and subjective methods of load control, with the greatest differences between the methods were observed in the sessions in which the PSE of the session was higher, which may suggest a limitation of this method. Higher loads were obtained in training (265.8 AU) in Study 1 and in the preparatory period (451 AU) in Study 2 in relation to games (190.1 AU) in Study 1 and competitive period (291 AU) in Study 2, with statistically significant differences (p<0.001) for both studies and high effect size (d = 1.05) for Study 1 and Study 2 (d = 0.86). The shipowners had higher loads in relation to the pivots and ends respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p-value = 0.34), possibly due to the age of the team, where the most fit athletes usually play in the frames and participate more effectively in the actions. It is concluded that both the objective method (TRIMP FC), as well as the subjective method (PSE of the session), are useful and effective to monitor the TC in the Handball modality, with a positive relationship between them. The Polar Team Pro equipment offers data of great importance for a deeper analysis of variables such as distances covered, numbers of sprints, speed averages, as well as the real-time monitoring of HR and HR zones. Proving to be a tool of great value for the control of loads of training and games. PSE proved to be a simple, low-cost method that can adequately reflect the psychophysiological responses of athletes, although its subjectivity is a limiting factor. CTs are higher in training than in games, whether they are observed per session or per week. Shipowners had higher TC, followed by pivots and ends respectively. This information is very useful for prescribing specific CT for each position. The TCs were higher in the preparatory periods compared to the competitive periods. Having an increase in the weeks leading up to the competitions.