A importância dos fenômenos psíquicos para o projeto de psicologia de C. G. Jung

Abstract

Historically, psychic phenomena, currently called parapsychological or anomalous, have been part of the cultural background of the emergence of psychiatry and psychology. Several researchers from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially from the medical profession, sought to assess altered states of consciousness, mediumship, telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, among others. These studies were important to the nascent science of the mind. Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and researcher of the most prolific of the 20th century. An aspect that still not clarified in his work it is his marked interested in psychic phenomena. The aim of of this thesis was to understand the role of psychic phenomena in the context of Jung's theoretical production. Our primary reference source was The Collected Works of C. G. Jung. We still use the C. G. Jung Letters and the main published biographies about Jung. We carried out an initial mapping in Collected Works in order to establish how this theme is worked on by Jung and to what contexts it would be related. We arrive at three axes of analysis: 1) Psychic phenomena in the works of authors studied by Jung, 2) Jung's research on psychic phenomena in mediums, and 3) the psychic phenomena experienced by Jung. In relation to the first item, we analyze the impact of the theoretical productions of Théodore Flournoy, Justinus Kerner, Frederic William Henry Myers, Joseph Banks Rhine and William James on the work of the Swiss author. Regarding the second item, we highlight Jung's larger study with the medium Helene Preiswerk and his studies with the Austrian medium Rudi Schneider, the German medium Oskar Schlag and the clairvoyant from Zurich Frau Fässler. Regarding the third item, we evaluated Jung's most significant parapsychological experiences, namely, his experience of near death (NDE) in 1944, his experiences of extrasensory perception (ESP) of the first decades of the 20th century and his supposed contact with spirits. We believe that these experiences also impacted the author's work through expressive productions such as Synchronicity (1952) Mysterium Coniunctionis, (1955 - 1956), Septem sermones ad mortous (1916) and The Red Book (1913 - 1930). We conclude that anomalistic phenomenology and analytical psychology have associations, and analytical psychology was structured under the strong influence of investigations of psychic phenomena.