Estudo das interações medicamentosas potenciais na terapêutica de pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento conservador

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Over the past three decades the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has risen worldwide. The main risk factors for CKD are above previous kidney transplantation and a positive history of renal replacement therapy, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT). Furthermore, patients with CKD are predominantly over sixty and as a consequence have to take a variety of drugs to control the associated risk factors as well as to attenuate the progression of the disease. Thus, patients with CKD are at high risk for drug interactions (DI) that constitute one cause of drug related problems. However, the extent and frequency of DI is unknown in this group of individuals drug´s use process. OBJECTIVE. Identify potential interactions among drugs prescribed to patients with CKD on conservative treatment, and factors associated with their occurrence. METHODS. Observational cross-sectional study, with analysis of 558 prescriptions. Potential DIs were identified by the database MICROMEDEX®, software that provides an internationally known pharmacopoeia. RESULTS. There was a predominance of males (54.7%), seniors (69.4%), stage 3 CKD (47.5%), overweight and obese patients (66.7%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (68.5%) and diabetes mellitus (31.9%). Potential DIs were detected in 74.9% of prescriptions. Among the 1364 DIs diagnosed, 5 (0.4%) were contraindicated and 229 (16.8%) of greater severity, which need immediate intervention. Interactions of moderate and low severity were identified in 1049 (76.9%) and 81 (5.9%) prescriptions, respectively. The probability of one DI increased by 2.5 times for each additional drug (CI = 2.18 to 3.03). Obesity, hypertension, diabetes as well as advanced stage of CKD were risk factors strongly associated with DI occurrence. CONCLUSION. Drug associations in individuals with CKD were related to high prevalence of serious DIs, especially in the later stages of the disease.