Aspectos odontológicos associados a trauma infantil por agressão física

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes maltreatment in childhood and adolescence as the existence of a superior subject who harms a victim through action or omission, against his or her will or through induced consent. Violence can be classified as physical, psychological, sexual or neglect, with high rates of morbidity and mortality in the most vulnerable populations. Although there is no real knowledge of the extent of the problem, it is clear that this is a public health problem. Violence in Brazil is increasing, however, it is still an underestimated phenomenon and in the process of discovery, due to its difficulty of analysis. Data indicate that underreporting is related to a historical-social-cultural aspect, which means that children and adolescents are the property of parents. It is estimated that 50 to 65% of physical violence injuries occur in the head and neck region. It happens that, like the other health professionals, there is underreporting by dentists too, justified by the lack of preparation. We surveyed articles in electronic databases from 2018 to 2019 and included epidemiological data on compulsory reporting of cases of violence in children under fourteen in Governador Valadares, from 2012 to 2016, with the help of the Notification Disorders Information - SINAN NET. Thirty-three publications were identified for the preparation of the literature review. From the analysis of data obtained by SINAN NET, it was found that there were 439 reported cases of violence, with an annual average of 109,75 notifications. Of the total notifications, 160 corresponded to sexual violence, 151 cases of physical violence, 116 cases of psychological and moral violence and twelve cases of neglect and neglect. The need for the dental surgeon's action is evident, given his ethical and legal responsibility to identify, diagnose and notify suspected cases, since many of the lesions can be identified in their anatomical area of professional interest. Given this context, it is observed that the precarious performance of the dentist in cases of maltreatment is multifaceted, noting a negligent dentistry that needs more guidance and encouragement regarding its practice.