Hábitos deletérios, fatores associados e impacto psicossocial estético em jovens universitários: resultados de um levantamento online

Abstract

Deleterious habits to oral health are associated with diseases and injuries affecting general and oral health, increasing the prevalence among youngsters. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of deleterious habits and their association with socio-demographic factors and self-reported oral health problems among university students. The study was approved by the ethics committee and conducted with university students between 18 and 35 years of age enrolled in the university. Data collection included the application of an online questionnaire based on the literature with socioeconomic, demographic data, habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity and oral health problems. Twenty-five students from six health courses participated in the study. Most of the university students were women (76.4%), 18-25 (89.7%), white (44.9%) and brown (41.8%), with a family income of 1 and 5 minimum wages (71.1%), living in republics or with friends (43.1%). The prevalence of alcohol consumption among the youngsters was 73.3%. Most of them (60.5%) reported drinking less than 4 times a month, 12.9% 2 or more times per week, 63% reported consuming, 6 or more doses of alcohol. Among the students, 14.7% currently smoke, less than daily (78.8%) and less than 1 cigar (83.8%). The dissatisfaction with the dental appearance was 61.8%. The young people reported experience of caries (71.6%), trauma (24.0%), gingival bleeding (18.2%), crowding (35.1%), altered overjet (21.3%), open bite 20%) and dental pain (40.0%). Students had some physical activity (48.0%), 86.2% reported having changed their diet after admission to university and 84.9% of students food habits for health (75.6%). Most consume at least 3 times a week fast food (72.9%), processed food (50.2%), soft drinks (46.2%), candies (51.1%), coockies (49.8%), and fries (53.8%). The multivariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption was associated with the age of 21 and 25 years (RP 1.23 95% CI [1.03: 1.46]) and 26 to 30 years (RP 1.34 CI 95% [1.08 : 1.67]), to smoke (RP 1.37 IC95% [1.20: 1.57]), to receive help (RP 1.18 IC95% [1.02: 1.37]) and to live in republics or shared with friends (RP 1.22 IC95% [1.03: 1.44]). Dental dissatisfaction was associated with perceived trauma (PR 1.33 95% CI 1.10: 1.60), crowding (RP1.26 95% CI [1.06: 1.49]), low dental self-confidence (RP2.74 CI 95% [1.84: Satisfaction with dental color (RP0.70 IC95% [0.56: 0.88]) and facial appearance (RP0.80 IC95% [0.67: 0.96]). Multivariate analysis indicated that the desire to change eating habits decreased with the high consumption of natural fruits (RP 0.76 95% CI 0.64: 0.90); (0.76: 0.97) and satisfaction with tooth color (PR 0.85 95% (0.77: 0.94). In the university students, the prevalence of the consumption of alcohol, industrialized foods and dissatisfaction with the dental appearance were high and were associated with sociodemographic and behavioral factors.