Avaliação da prevalência de lesões da mucosa bucal em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e a associação com índice glicêmico

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both, which leads to micro and macro vascular dysfunctions. The effects of diabetes on oral health have been extensively studied, and the most frequently found alterations are periodontal disease, salivary flow dysfunction, burning mouth syndrome, median rhomboid glossitis, denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis and pseudomembranous candidiasis, and some potentially malignant disorders such leukoplakia, erythroplakia and lichen planus. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes and associated with glycemic indice, and comparing them with subjects without diabetes. To investigate the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes a total of 38 patients were examined, 18 patients with diabetes type 2 and 20 patients without diabetes. The results of the present study demonstrated that the Type 2 DM group presented 68.4% of the patients with the presence of oral bucosa injury versus 31.6% of the patients in the control group. The most prevalent lesions were periodontal disease, actinic cheilitis, pseudomembranous candidiasis and stomatitis by prosthesis. The results showed that there is a greater tendency of presence of oral lesions in patients with type 2 DM when compared to patients without the disease. The levels of glycemic index did not alter the results.