Avaliação do capital social como estratégia de relações humanas para intervenção em saúde em uma comunidade adscrita à equipe de Saúde da Família

Abstract

For almost 20 years, the Family Health Team (ESF), number 56, works in a Basic Health Unit in the Filgueiras neighborhood (UBS-JF-MG), aiming to improve the social and health conditions of the community that compose it. In this study, it was questioned if the low social participation, empirically identified, would be one of the causes of not achieving success in this purpose. Measurement of Social Capital has emerged as an effective means to support this analysis, since it reflects the capacity of a community to have access to the means and assets that improve its health, through established interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to carry out a diagnosis of the Social Capital (SC) of the population assigned to the FHS, in its different micro areas. Specifically, the six dimensions of social capital in the community were evaluated: groups / networks; trust / solidarity; collective action / cooperation; information / communication; social cohesion / inclusion; authority / political action. The study had 384 participants, consolidating a representative sample, surveyed through the QI-MCS (Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital). Based on the data collected, descriptive statistical summaries of the consolidated and six dimensions were produced, as well as comparisons among the micro areas, using statistical tests indicated, with a significance level of 5%. In the sociodemographic results, female participation (69%), age group 21-59 years (73.2%), predominant fundamental schooling (62.7%), and only 9.1% were highlighted. In the Networks and Groups, the family group (74.5%) predominated, determining inadequate structural CS, formed by networks of strong ties, restricted to the environment, without bridge and connection CS. There is distrust in the local community environment, as for political leaders (96.7%), there was low social participation and immobilization in the search for resources in the public sphere, lack of social mobility, health benefits and community participation, of life. The source of community information is restricted to the family (49%), TV (50.8%) and Internet (41.8%). There is only 30.5% of socialization in company and mutual coexistence, with a healthy exchange of opinions and world views. It was concluded that the intervention of the said team (ESF / 56) was feasible to promote greater social participation and diversified solutions to the problems and for the expansion of the appropriate SC.