Da palavra ao movimento: uma análise das transformações do jihad

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the transformation of the concept of jihad, traditionally associated with war, but encompassing various other dimensions often overlooked in contemporary interpretations. The methodology begins with a historical study and analysis of the term jihad, which, prior to the advent of Islam, was merely a word or proper name. With the emergence of Islam, the term was elevated to the status of a concept, formalized with in religious traditions, and today it has transcended the strictly religious domain, becoming a global movement. In the first chapter, the research explores the origin of the word jihad in the Arabic language and its relations hipwith the developmentof Islam, a period during which the term acquired new meanings and was formalized into different categories. Following this, the second section focuses on the interpretations of the concept of jihad within Islamic Schools of Jurisprudence, which guided its application in Muslim communities according to their respective traditions. This section also discusses the role of jihad in anti-colonial struggles, where it wasused as a tool of resistance. The third section of the research examines jihad in a more political sphere, without detaching it from its religious aspect, addressing its evolution into what is classified as Global Jihad, with emphasis on the emergence of jihadist theorists and the group Al-Qaeda. With a focus on the context of jihad in Afghan territory, the chapter begins with ananalysis of the Afghan War and its developments leading to the rise of AlQaeda. It then examines the trajectory of jihadist theorists Who translated jihadist theory into practice. Thischapter, considered central totheresearch, ispresented as the result of a historical process and there finement of jihadist theories, reflected in the actions carried out by the groups involved. Finally, the last chapter analyzes the implications of jihad on the political, religious, and violence-related dynamics in the contemporary world, addressing issues such as large-scale violence, prejudice, and generalizations. The research concludes that the sum of the political, economic, and social processes experienced by the Islamic community has contributed to the development of this form of jihad, whose consequences are visible today, demonstrating that, although this study conducts a historical analysis, it resonates strongly in the contemporary context.