Vulnerabilidade de idosos à queda: diagnóstico pessoal, grupal e ambiental na perspectiva do cuidado de enfermagem (peri)domiciliar

Abstract

Mixed method search performed in the households of people aged ≥65 years. The objective was to analyze the individual and group situations and/or circumstances of vulnerability/risk that predisposes people aged ≥65 years to the (peri) domicile. Understand their social representations about falls and generate light-hard technology to subsidize the evaluation of the environment (peri) domicile in the modality of nursing consultation. Sample full selection. Inclusion criteria were: people aged ≥65 years, lucid, with coherent speech and being residents of an area attached to a Primary Health Care Unit (UAPS). Data collected by individual interviews with support from the Open Data Kit and analyzed with the support of the SPSS® programs (descriptive and correlational statistics), EVOC 2000® (to support the elaboration of prototypical analysis) and NVIVO pro11® (Pearson Correlation ≥0.70 According to Bardin's content analysis). Meeting all ethical and legal research requirements involving human beings. 220 elderly people participated in this study: 78.5% were women; 29.6% aged ≥80 years (65-96 years) and 68.6% with partners. Snellen's scale showed visual impairment in 54.1% (left eye: OE) and 50.6% (right eye: OD) with reading ability ≤5 or 20/40 diopter; Jaeger's scale measured that 55.2% and 53.2% participants did not see anything or perceived poorly OD and OE; 41.6% perceived poorly with OD and OE. Falls Efficacy Scale 53.5% evidenced fear for activities of daily living, being a predictor of falls. They were symbolic components emerging in the structural approach and corroborated by passages in the procedural approach: falling (behavioral: "dizziness-vertigo-labyrinthitis" and objective: "slippery footwear"), falling into the house (behavioral: "Care-attention" and "fear") and falling out of the house (objective: "hole" and behavioral: "falling" and "stumbling"). Three categories emerged: origin of individual, group and environmental symbolic contents. The following factors were involved in the fall: at home (slippery floor, ladder and handrail with p-value ≤ 0.04) and in the peridomicile (many objects in the environment and steps with p-value ≤ 0.04). The present investigation outlined a region covered by Primary Health Care on vulnerabilities for falls in people aged ≥65 years, presented a protocol (light-hard technology) to subsidize home nursing consultation and management decisions for nursing care. (Peri) domicile with a prevention approach to the occurrence of falls.