O vivido de adolescentes com doença falciforme sobre a hospitalização: contribuições para a prática assistencial de enfermagem

Abstract

This work aimed to unveil the hospitalization experiences of adolescents suffering from Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and to understand how the nucleus of family care of these individuals is constituted. A qualitative approach method based on Martin Heidegger's Phenomenology was used. The research was developed in the hospital Hemocentro Regional (Hemominas), which is located in the central region of Zona da Mata Mineira. The subjects were 10 adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease, who were receiving treatment in Hemominas. In order to achieve the aims of the study, it was conducted a phenomenological interview using a technique of open interview. It was also conducted an interview to raise a Genogram. Six Units of Meaning constituted the essential structures. The vague and medium understanding allowed the construction of a common thread that led to Hermeneutics. The mode being-adolescent-with-sickle-cell-disease was unveiled when the participants told about the impact of hospitalizations on their daily activities, indicating fear, sadness and loneliness. That was also noticed when they talked about complications arising from the pathology. In phenomenological time, hospitalizations were not only experienced, but they are currently experienced, since many of them still suffer from the consequences of such periods, such as school failures. Pain is also an experience that permeates their lives since early age. The adolescents also expressed the importance of being-with: being-with-family, being-with-friends and being-with-professionals. The figure of the busy professional was also unveiled. At the same time, it was noticed the figure of an attentive and affectionate professional, who performs a pre-occupied care. In the Genograms constructed with the adolescents it was possible to show the dimension of the care provided by the family. Genogram proved to be a viable and enriching instrument for research and knowledge about the family nucleus. It facilitated the apprehension of information and reached the proposed aim of this study, with achievement of satisfactory results in a practical and relatively fast way.