Processo de punção venosa na captação e transfusão de sangue e trauma vascular periférico na perspectiva do binômio usuário-profissional

Abstract

Outline research in a mixed method (case of study with hospitalized individuals to receive blood component; social representation of user-professional binomial involving the peripheral venipuncture process; prospective cohort with blood donator to calculate the peripheral venipuncture damage occurrence; survey about the puncture practice performed by professionals in two institutions and the satisfaction level of the blood donators with the venipuncture process for blood donation; and peripheral venipuncture implications in hemotherapy for nursing. The main goal is to analyze the venipuncture process specificities during withdrawal and transfusion of blood component, the peripheral venipuncture damage occurrence in a user-professional binomial approach and the social representation of professionals and blood donators in the venipuncture process performed for hemotherapy purposes. Was utilized Social Representation Theory’s references (SRT) and Jean Watson’s Human Caring Theory: Pertinent Transpersonal. Was two investigative scenarios: Hemocentro and Education Hospital Institute. Sampling Designs: 1) By types for case of study with six blood component receivers; 2) Completely selection composed by 200 blood donators of a Hemocentro, whom social representations about the venipuncture process were captured in the procedural and structural approach; 3) Sample of complete selection composed by sixty-two professionals from the two institutions. Which the users had venipuncture for the hemotherapy purposes and social representation gathering. Include professional’s venipuncture labor practice survey; 4) Sample of complete selection with a 150 donators which integrated a prospective cohort e standardization of satisfaction level in the puncture process. The data was collected from June/2015 to August/2016. Case of study and cohort were structured from an instrument previously authenticate. Was utilized measurable scale, chromatic palette, and photographic register of venous damage. Also, was utilized the free evocation technique from inductor terms: ―blood donation‖,‖ blood receiver‖, ―venipuncture for blood donation‖ for structure approach of (SRT) and audio record interview semi-structured for processual approach. Survey involving professional practice and measurement of donators satisfaction as the puncture. Was attended the ethical recommendations and statutory research with human beings. Integrate the Study’s case people with anemia, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression people whom venous access allowed blood transfusion and venous therapy infusion. Was detected puncture loss involving divergence between professional register and labor practice. Dressing devices didn’t attempt the institute protocol. Was damage veins manifestations: edema and ecchymosis. Attended recommendations about gauge intravenous catheter and use of central vessel to infusion of vesicant drugs. The processual approach of professional’s social representation showed three thematic categories that reflects the venipuncture process. The free evocation technique for stages of the hemotherapeutic process showed group motivations for the donation act, proximity with relatives and the influence of shared information about the donor behavior. Was identified distancing from receiving blood due to lack of anchorage in own experiences or others. Was registered discomfort of those who donate blood. Symbolic elements to the act of donate and have punctured vein: ―bad feeling – uncomfortable‖, ―less pain‖, ―afraid-anxious‖, ―needle-sting‖, pictured similar representations. The vascular trauma incidence was 6,7% with manifestations of pain and ecchymosis. The professional’s survey showed feelings of ―relief‖ during the puncture steps, ―relief‖ at the puncture’s end, seizure during the maintenance of venous access. Were emerging behaviors: ―vigilance‖, along the process steps and ―chatter‖. Gauging the satisfaction of donors with the punch showed scores >= 6/10, being the lowest score assigned to the service time. Was concluded the existence of peculiarities in the vessel puncture xx process for hemotherapic purpose when compared to its use for other purposes, being the coherence between labor practices with: good practices, continuing professional’s education and control of adverse events that guide the restructuring of therapeutic actions. Factors that justify the incidence of vascular trauma by 6,7%. The implications of the results for nursing care, based on the Human Caring Theory: Pertinent Transpersonal, highlighted the need to reframe the completion of the peripheral venipuncture process for people who experienced and is coherent with a nursing care that aims to provide a moment of authentic care to the users of the hemotherapic context.