Diagnóstico de enfermagem disfunção sexual em homens em tratamento para o câncer de próstata: uma proposta de cuidado de enfermagem

Abstract

In Brazil, prostate cancer is the most common among men. Thus, it is necessary to take a careful look at this population, which in the daily life of the disease can have as a compromise of their quality of life, changes in their sexual function. In this sense, we approach the taxonomy of NANDA I to better investigate this object through the diagnosis of nursing of sexual dysfunction. The objectives of this research were to characterize the knowledge of men in treatment for prostate cancer about the disease process, treatment and effects in their sexuality, to evaluate the sexual dysfunction of men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy treatments and hormone therapy and to establish a proposal for nursing care based on the nursing diagnosis of sexual dysfunction presented by the study participants. This was a descriptive analytical study, built from a pre-established script. The data collected refer to 15 men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. The study scenario was a private institution in the city of Rio de Janeiro / RJ. Data collection took place from May to August 2016. Ambience strategies were used in the radiotherapy and infusion center, document analysis and interview. The experts drew on the data collection instrument to identify the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis of sexual dysfunction appropriate to each man being treated for prostate cancer. The identified diagnosis was classified on a Likert scale, according to the degree of agreement with the interview. The consolidation of the 60 diagnoses allowed the survey of 7 defining characteristics and 4 related factors most commonly cited. The group of participants were white males, married, retired, with full secondary education and higher education, family income above five minimum wages; presented healthy habits, regular physical exercise, moderate alcohol consumption, and non-smokers, 60% had a history of prostate cancer in the family. They reported feeling optimistic about the completion of the proposed treatment, as well as their partners. As a limitation, we can verify that there is still a gap regarding men's knowledge about prostate cancer, before the disease is affected. We observed that the data collection instrument was able to identify the nursing diagnosis of sexual dysfunction in men under treatment for prostate cancer. We conclude that in order to approach the theme of sexuality, health education practices are needed that aim at a comprehensive model that takes into account the allusive aspects of cancer and the client 's uniqueness. Include the patient in the promotion of his health, contemplates the interpersonal process, allows the identification of needs and allows to draw up an individual plan of care. Although this care should be viewed from the perspective of a multidisciplinary care, involving the other professionals of the team in care, this study intends to give visibility to nursing actions. The implementation of the nursing process for the elaboration and use of the plan as a guiding instrument for the provision of individualized care will make it possible to guarantee that the necessary actions are prioritized throughout the care given to the patient with a prostatic neoplasm that sees their sexuality affected by sexual dysfunction.