Processo de envelhecimento da fase adulta-idosa: políticas públicas, redes de apoio e demandas de cuidados

Abstract

Research delineated in mixed method (Survey and study of social representations). From a perspective of to understand and analyze an Individual and group self-perception about support network constructed/available in the transition period from adult phase to the elderly phase among 40-64 year olds. Were used as referential: Orem’s Theory, Social support network and human aging process. Participants included people aged 40 to 64 years, attached to a Primary Health Care Unit (UAPS) from a city of Minas Gerais, lucid and living together with people aged ≥ 65 years. Sample by type (survey n=186, structural approach to TRS n=194 and processual n=46, respectively). Instrument of data collection composed by: sociodemographic characterization, Public policies/programs, Self-perceived health and aging, Measuring scales for Lubben-18 e Jaeger, Technique of evocations from inductive terms and individual interviews based on guiding questions. Data collected at home by individual interviews held between February and July 2016. We have used the Open Data Kit (ODK) software to operationalize data collection, as well as SPSS, EVOC e Nvivo® for consolidation e treatment of data. Were achieved ethical and legal research requirements involving human beings. There were 186 people (survey): 74.7% were women, 63.4% declared white skin color, 61.8% were aged ≥ 50 years and 40.8%, between 8 and 12 years of schooling. It occurred: unfamiliarity of public policies and programs and Not use them; Self-perception of the aging process impacting personal characteristics when evaluate in a perspective of the years elapsed and lack of concern for the intensification of risk for falls. Non-hierarchical free evocations portrayed as members of the social support network being the cognema "family" the articulator of the process. Fragments of speeches corroborated and enriched the understanding of collective construction about how the aging process occurs among the participants (demonstrating the presence of a traditional family conception) and conception of aging identified from the other. Support network composed of places and objects brought as cognemas "Love-loving" and "ask-receive-help" and local support network "Home", "home-house" and "travel‖. In the evocations, for the term inducer to "aging" Were identified cognems "good"; "fear"; "Natural-process-life"; "Bad" and "health"; For the term "aging well": "Physical activity", "good food", "good", "money", "peace" and "health" and to "being 40 to 64 years old "victory‖. There was predominance of the negative character for the term aging inducer. Fragments of speeches captured in the procedural approach corroborated the symbolic elements identified in the structural approach and in the survey. The use of the mixed method allowed access to human responses and know-understand the symbolic elements that make up the individual self-perception and group of people aged 40-64 years on the transition from adult to elderly in the perspective of the support network built/available. This fact has translated into one of the contributions for the direction of nursing care in primary health care. The situational diagnosis identified evidenced discontinuity in self-care which was translated into the fragmentation of access / recognition of services and programs in this transition period of life. The fact that the social support network is based on the family nucleus and the aging process anticipates the reduction of this nucleus. It warns the needed to build new links and to disseminate other types of support network to promote health and wellbeing.