Kafka e a modernidade

Abstract

This work focuses on analysis of Western modernity, under the perspectives of three classics of German Sociology, to extend the interpretation of the works of Franz Kafka from the bureaucratic to a modern perspective. We seek in Marx understanding on the theme of alienation and their meanings to capitalist society. We studied at Weber the influence of religion and of Protestants in the shaping of secularized West, their meanings and their consequences. In Simmel, we have researched the consequences of the modern world in the dullness in the subjective sphere emotions and individual responsibility against that process. We have studied Weber´s methodology to criticize the instrumental rationality model with Elster, Magalhães and Habermas. We also use the last to write considerations about a new type of shaping of modernity, through consensus, by a re-function process of literary sphere. We continue our search, using our path through the possible interpretation of literary criticism on novels of Kafka, looking for elective affinities among the classical sociologists and this novelist. Finally, we show that Kafka, in his writings, has conscious of the transformations of his world and it is present in the collection of his works which brought, significantly gains on both interpretations of the novelist and the classical sociologists, because the first presented a “concrete” interpretation of the theories developed by the selected sociologists.