Filosofia, valores e conceitos da clínica ampliada na prática de enfermeiros da rede de atenção à saúde mental

Abstract

The sanitary and psychiatric movements that happened in the 2nd half of the 20th century impelled changes in the way of thinking and mental health practicing. Since then Nursing started having a daily working challenge, of overturning its difficulties in assisting at those who carry mental disturbances , difficulties that sprung up from the social stigma that became a burden to those who, along history, carry the fame of being insane, dangerous and aggressive. This way, this study on the philosophy, merits and concepts of a widened clinic , under the vision of the nurses who work at a net of mental health care of a city of a Zona da Mata region, state of Minas Gerais, had as an aim the analysis of what is the philosophy and what are the merits and concepts of a widened clinic, under the vision of those professionals ,following the theoretical and philosophical reference of understandable ―microsociology‖ placed by Michel Maffesoli. It deals with an exploring, descriptive and qualifying survey which had 30 nurses as the aim of investigation. The comprehension of social living, in its deepest, was adopted as the perspective of investigation. The gathering of information was done through a semi-structured interview , transcription, explanation and understanding of the object of the study. The investigation has shown that the nursing care in the mental area still needs to be based on the philosophy, merits and concepts of the widened clinic as well as the Psychiatric Reformation, in order to assure an assistance focused on the person not on the biological aspects of the sicknesses , in other words, on the singular, social, historical ,cultural and subjective being that, at any time of its life, has shown any need related to mental health. Furthermore, it was verified the need of investing in the graduation of professionals for the handling of this population and the organization of a defining mental health service net. This study has shown that nursing, in its present context, is dove in the modernity conjectures that delimit the acting as a ―must be‖ and a ―must do‖ connected to the doctor’s work, what doesn’t match with the post-modernity ideas. This space-time encloses the existence, in our daily life, of small but important things which keep giving boundaries to human care, building social and inter-personal relations between the professional –being and the patient-being and, also, the hope of a nursing able to surpass its weaknesses and contribute to the transformation of its living, social context, moreover in the field of mental health. Thus, nursing requires a philosophical basis that supports this post-modern option and are able to consider the context of the interactions and the personal and humanistic aspects that surround every meeting with a lot of care. In order to see human beings, instead of madmen, addicts, mindless lunatics, unable of social intimacy, it’s necessary a ―changing of glasses‖ and a searching of the human as the center of the caring process.