Efeitos da suplementação de óleo de peixe sobre endotoxemia metabólica em indivíduos com excesso de peso e resistentes à insulina: estudo randomizado, duplo-cego

Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are chronic health conditions closely related and have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Insulin resistance (IR), driven by low-grade systemic inflammation, has been investigated as the link between both conditions. Metabolic endotoxemia, characterized by increased circulating levels of lipopolysaccharides from Gramnegative bacterial membranes, is a key condition contributing to the heightened inflammatory state and can be modulated by lifestyle factors. In this context, anti-inflammatory foods and nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, appear to help improve this condition. However, the effect of omega-3 consumption on endotoxemia in overweight individuals with IR remains nuclear. Objective: To analyze the effects of fish oil supplementation, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on parameters related to metabolic endotoxemia in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Adult individuals of both sexes were randomized into two groups to receive either 4g of fish oil (2.4g of EPA+DHA) or a placebo (soybean oil) for 8 weeks. Data related to metabolic endotoxemia (LBP), inflammation (TNF-α and IL-10), IR (glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR), and lipid profile were collected at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: Plasma LBP levels were correlated with BMI, body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, total cholesterol, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the sample of 24 individuals. However, the comparison between the groups did not show any effects on markers of inflammation, IR, lipid profile, or metabolic endotoxemia. Conclusion: Supplementation with 2.4g of omega-3 for 8 weeks did not promote changes in inflammatory parameters or metabolic endotoxemia in our volunteers.