Talento esportivo no voleibol: uma revisão de escopo e análise dos indicadores multidimensionais de jovens atletas do sexo masculino

Abstract

Introduction: sporting talent is characterized by being multidimensional and each modality requires different characteristics from the talented athlete. The talent identification process in volleyball is carried out through a battery of tests and the coach's subjective evaluation. Recent studies have observed that there is a scarcity of literature reviews about sporting talent in volleyball and that evaluate this athlete in a multidimensional way and that include the coach's evaluation. The present study consists of two interdependent articles. Objectives: the scope review aimed to investigate the available literature on sporting talent in volleyball, and critically analyze what else has been researched in this area, methodological approaches, in addition to identifying knowledge gaps and encouraging future research. The second original article aimed to compare multidimensional indicators of sporting talent in volleyball among athletes from youth categories and young adult elite males and investigate differences in relation to sporting potential, according to the subjective evaluation of the coach. Method: scoping review: search in four electronic databases (PubMed®, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) and through external sources, using the descriptors (“talent*” OR “expert*” OR “gift*” OR “ability” OR “ aptitude” OR “skill*” OR “select*” OR “champion*” OR “finalista” OR “success*” OR “develop*” OR “identif*” OR “prognos*” OR “predict*” OR “diagnos* ” OR “career”) AND (“volleyball*”) AND (“young*” OR “youth” OR “junior” OR “adolescent*” OR “athlete*” OR “elite”), according to the PRISMA methodology. Original article: the sample was divided into age categories U-15 (n=17), U-17 (n=15), U-19 (n=17) and young adults (n=15); and by sporting potential: high potential (n=16) and low potential (n=48). The athletes were subjected to a battery of tests containing anthropometric, physical-motor, Psychological, relative age effect and environmental indicators. The coach of each category evaluated the athletes' sporting potential for future performance and intangible aspects. Results: 78 articles were included in the scoping review, and it was observed that there is a need for future research on sporting talent in volleyball to use a multidimensional approach, including indicators: psychological skills, subjective analysis of the coach, motor coordination, biological maturation and sociocultural characteristics, in addition to focusing on males, multivariate analysis and retrospective/longitudinal design. For the original article, the higher the chronological age, male volleyball players become taller, with better physical-motor capacity, better victory and goal orientation, and also better evaluation of sporting potential performed by the coach. When discriminating the potential of athletes, coaches seem to attribute greater importance to anthropometric and physical-motor characteristics compared to other factors. Conclusion: a multidimensional approach is necessary to evaluate the sporting potential of male volleyball athletes, in addition to using the “eye of the coach” in relation to the athletes, as coaches are able to estimate future sporting potential.