Fraude em leite e produtos lácteos - revisão sistemática

Abstract

Milk is a highly nutritious and very important food as a source of fat supply, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals and others, besides being raw material for other derivatives such as butter, cheese, yogurt, etc. The Brazilian market has one of the largest and most sophisticated industrial parks in the dairy area in the world. Despite all evolutions in supervision and legislation, the fraud in dairy are often reported in the national territory and worldwide as the case of melamine in China and the opera- tions “Milk Compens” and “positive serum” in Brazil. A product is considered fraudu- ated when this or its raw materials have the part or all of its characteristic compo- nents replaced by other inert or foreign to its composition. Frauds usually occur in an attempt to obtain economic gains or mask the poor quality of the raw material. The objectives of this study were to carry out a systematic review of the main milk and derivatives fraud found in reports in Brazil and other countries, as well as describing current methods of fraud detection and alternative methods and its potential use inthe future . In addition, it aimed to survey nonconformities detected in the product reports analyzed by the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) from 2018 to 2022. To perform the review work, data from articles, theses, dissertations, consecrated publications and reports were collected from relevant repercussion. Surveys were done at Google Academic in Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Science Di- rect, Research Gate, Capes journals, legislation and books in the area. Articles in- volving milk analysis and derivatives were evaluated in the literature in search of types of frauds found in these and their frequencies. Traditional methods of milk analysis and derivatives and alternative methods for fraud detection were also de- scribed. For the survey of data from the IMA physicochemistry laboratory (LAQF), thetax official reports for the years already mentioned were analyzed. It is concluded with this work that there are several cases of fraud in milk and derivatives reported in Brazil and other countries and vast available literature, demonstrating that the theme still has great relevance today. The frauds continue to occur and, in addition to re- search work, the food inspection should also be perfected to improve the quality and safety of the dairy consumed in Brazil. Due to survey in the LAFQ-IMA file, it was al- so observed that there are products with a large percentage of nonconformities, alt- hough not all nonconformities characterize fraud.