Modulação e organização do forrageamento em Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans santschi 1925

Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants are characterized by the cultivation of a fungus garden with which maintain a symbiotic relationship. Their foraging encloses selected strategies to obtain the nutritional requirements for fungus growth, brood development and consequently the colony. To search and return with the food resource to the nest, workers walk along trails with different physical characteristics and exhibit striking and sophisticated division of labor. Thus, the colony success is closely related to the efficiency of the caste responsible for foraging. Therefore, it is expected that foragers present an organized system and efficient performance in the collection and transport of leaf material. We investigated whether there is burden adjustment by workers of Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans due to physical changes imposed on the trails and if the performance is maintained. In other experiment, demographic manipulations were performed in order to analyze whether foragers exhibit behavioral flexibility or resilience in the execution of their task. Foragers were able to adjust their burden in function of difficulties imposed during their displacement along the trails and also the balance between burden and walking speed, which were negatively correlated variables. Further, the burden varied according to time elapsed after recruitment. There was also a change in the allocation of individuals of different size classes on trails with different characteristics, which can be understood as a compensatory effect of the load and speed decrease. In the second experiment, results suggest the presence of a group of individuals responsible for foraging, represented by the elite workers. In the absence of these ants, another group of workers have engaged in foraging (replacement workers), indicating the occurrence of behavioral flexibility for this task. Furthermore, there was the occurrence of behavioral resilience where the elite workers resumed the task of foraging and the replacement ones ceased to collect leaves. Thus, colonies responded to an external stimulus of demographic manipulation, occurring a behavioral response to the maintenance of an efficient resource transportation to the colony.