A lógica e o desenvolvimento do raciocínio

Abstract

This paper highlights the role and relevance of logical reasoning and critical thinking in everyday situations, emphasizing the importance of it being addressed in Basic Education, especially in High School, through actions and methodologies that value challenge and analysis of investigative problem situations. In order for the student to have prior knowledge and be able to understand such discussions around logic, the propositional logic theory is presented, in suitable language for high school students, with help from examples and situations that can help in placing presented cases in context. This work aims to contribute for teaching and learning of the theme, bringing mathematical challenges that require propositional logic and/or argumentative logic to be unveiled. This proposal intends to contribute to the teaching work, presenting contextualized problems and their commented solutions, so that the teacher can use it, totally or partially, as a motivator for teaching logic learning in classroom. Amid the flow of information that currently circulates in the various media channels in which we interact, logical reasoning and analysis and argumentation skills have been shown to be important for discerning and decision making as to what comes to us. We are immersed in a moment in which fake news has been gaining space and becoming stronger. Therefore, analyzing a sentence or speech critically and logically, and discerning about the presented information is relevant not only in terms of pedagogical knowledge in this topic, but also as a way of contributing for non¬maintenance of fallacious information.