Efeito agudo de um benchmark do CrossFit® sobre as funções executivas e parâmetros fisiológicos e a interdependência dos fatores personalidade, habilidades mentais e funções executivas associada aos parâmetros fisiológicos de acordo com a performance

Abstract

Psychology associated with neuropsychology has recently been applied in sport, analyzing the relations of cognition, behavior and physiology, linked to the athlete's performance. This panorama presents a modality that has attracted attention, the CrossFit® - extreme fitness program, with high intensity. This study aims to analyze the acute effect of a CrossFit® benchmark on executive functions and physiological parameters and to investigate the interdependence of personality factors, mental abilities and executive functions, associated with physiological parameters according to performance. Participants were divided according to their performance in the benchmark, Elite group (E) (n=07; age: 28.9±4.7 years; practice: 50.0±13.3 months), Advanced (A) group (n=10; age: 33.4±4.6 years; practice time: 27.6±13.8 months) and Beginner (B) group (n=15; age: 30.6±7.1 years; practice time: 22.9±9.2 months). Pre-experimental, interdisciplinary, descriptive and transversal research, composed of CrossFit® practitioners. Divided into two stages: first, stand out and compare how anthropometric stories, personality, mental skills and executive function between groups; in the second, pre-WOD and post-WOD groups and moments are compared in physiological variables (heart rate, lactate concentration, diastolic and systolic blood pressure) and executive function in the benchmark (WOD Fran) and correlations between physiological effects and neuropsychological. The statistical analysis used ANOVA with independent factor (group) and repeated measures (pre-WOD versus post-WOD) and Pearson's Coefficient for correlation. The data were deviated in mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD). The results showed that there was a significant difference in relation to the performance of the WOD time (E:177.1±29.8 s < A: 314.3±46.8 s and B: 538.2±102.1 s), while there was a difference in executive functions regarding the comparison between moments: total five digits (A:19.2±3.1 ˃ E:17.4±3.6 and B:18.9±3.6 Pk), reading (E:76.4±20.2 ˃ A:75.5±28.9 and B:74.6±22.3 Pk), counting (E: 86.4±10.7 ˃ A:77.5±20.6 and B:81.1±21.1 Pk), choice (E:89.3±9.8 ˃ A:89.0±9.7 and B:74.6±22.8 Pk), shifting (A:91.0±8.4 ˃ E:86.4±10.7 and B:76.4±21.7 Pk), inhibition (A:76.5±12.5 ˃ E:76.4±20.2 and B:68.6±18.3 Pk), flexibility (A:93.0±6.3 ˃ E:89.3±9.8 and B:86.1±11.1 Pk), lactate (E:13.1±1.8 < A:15.1±3.2 and B:16.1±3.7 mmol), heart rate (E:188.0±6.6 ˃ A: 174.1±16.1 and B: 185.1±8.9bpm), systolic blood pressure (E:149.7±11.5 < A:151.0±9.3 and :152.5±8.1mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (E:73.4±6.2 ˃ A:72.8±9.6 and B:69.3±7.1 mmHg). Significant correlations in the Elite group in lactate and appearance (r = 0.925, p = 0.003) and systolic blood pressure and choice (r = -0.881, p = 0.009). Advanced Group significant correlations in WOD time and extroversion (r = -0.660, p = 0.038) lactate and confidence (r = -0.712, p = 0.021), heart rate and reading (r = 0.873, p= 0.001). Beginner Group significant correlations in time of WOD and Achievement (r = 0.627, p = 0.012), lactate and constancy (r = -0.752, p = 0.045) and lactate and flexibility (r = 0.731, p = 0.002). The results confirm that high intensity exercise is shown to be a strategy capable of sharply inducing physiological mechanisms and intervening in the performance of executive functions and, consequently, improving the performance of practitioners.