Construção do conhecimento de medidas de tendência central com alunos do ensino fundamental: reflexões sobre uma sequência didática

Abstract

This work is the result of a research that was developed in the Professional Masters in Mathematical Education at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, whose theme is based on the construction of the knowledge of Measures of Central Tendency through a didactic sequence and of how the statistical literacy of students can be favored by it. The main goal was to analyze and understand the possible contributions of a didactic sequence in the construction of the knowledge of the Measures of Central Tendency and in the development of the statistical literacy of students of the eighth year of Elementary School. In this sense, the question that impelled the accomplishment of this research is: “how can a didactic sequence contribute to the construction of the concept of Measures of Central Tendency by students of the 8th year of elementary school at a private school in Rio de Janeiro?”. To answer this question, the study is based on the theory of didactic situations for reflection, analysis and discussion of the results obtained. In order to carry out this work, the assumptions of Didactic Engineering were adopted as the research methodology, so that it allowed to make the activities arising from a Didactic Sequence feasible, which will be the Educational Product of this study. As a result, we identified three characteristics of a didactic sequence that favors the construction of the concept of centrality, which are: examples and realities inserted in the context of the students, group work and the valuation of resolutions by the non-formal idea of the concepts and not only with the use of calculations. In addition, the research emphasizes the skills of Statistical Literacy, Thought and statistical reasoning for the study of these measures, which could be validated in the research.