Exercício de força com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo: comparação entre a faixa não elástica e o torniquete pneumático

Abstract

The Kaatsu training or method of blood flow restriction (BFR), is an intervention originating from the Japanese, created in the middle of 1960. Today, this method has been used worldwide as an alternative to the resistance training (RT) with high loads, being well established for increased muscle mass, strength or rehabilitation processes. The RT method with BFR generally requires a pair of tourniquets, which are poorly accessible financially and of difficult practical applicability in the academy environment. Thus, two studies were carried out: the first one was aimed at verifying the practical applicability of the use of a non-elastic band for RT with BFR, based on the pressure and size of the traditional pneumatic tourniquet (komprimeter Riester®, Jungingen, Germany) for upper limbs. Subsequently, the hemodynamic and perceptual responses were compared in one RF session with RFS with 20% of 1 RM, between these two instruments; and the second study objectified from the established equalization, to compare the metabolic, hormonal and perceptive responses in an RT session with BFR with 20% of 1RM, between the pneumatic tourniquet and a non-elastic band. In the first study, 81 recreationally trained men and women volunteered. In the 1st phase of this study, the reduction of non-elastic band length was obtained individually based on the perception of pain, when the tourniquet was fixed at 150 mmHg. In the second phase, the non-elastic band length reduction obtained in the 1st phase was applied and the pain perception (using the same scale of 0-10) was compared between the arms. The third phase was performed to compare the hemodynamic and perceptual responses, during and after an RT session with BFR, containing the following exercises: smith machine bench press, front pull, smith machine push press, triceps curl with pulley, biceps curl with bar. In the second study, sixteen healthy, recreationally trained men volunteered. The volunteers completed two RT sessions with BFR, with the same exercises as above. In study 1, non-elastic band length reduction was ~ 9% in men, ~ 7% in women and ~ 8% in both groups. There were no significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, double product, pain perception or subjective perception of effort between the groups that applied the 8% reduction in the length of the non-elastic band obtained in the 1st phase. In study 2, blood-restricted experimental sessions promoted significant increases in GH and Lactate, but not in IGF-1 (Tourniquet, pre / 10' post [p = 0.999, ES = 0.13], and pre / 15' post [ (p = 0.999, ES = 0.008) and pre / 15' post (p = 0.999; ES = 0.02)). There were no significant differences between the sessions in the metabolic, hormonal and perceptive responses (p> 0.05), with an 8% reduction in non-elastic band length. In this way, we suggest the use of the non-elastic restriction band in exercise with BFR with low load in RT for the upper limbs, for people recreationally trained in strength in academies, sports training centers, clinics and other places of intervention of different health professionals