Estudo comparativo da falta de ponto de contato proximal nos parâmetros periodontais de dentes movimentados para locais de extração

Abstract

Introduction: The extraction of teeth to obtain space in the dental arches is a strategy routinely used in Orthodontics. The movement of teeth to the extraction sites may result in reduction of interproximal bone height and the stability of the final positioning of the teeth may still fail, resulting in the opening of the contact point, impaction of food and damage to the periodontal tissues. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic periodontal condition of canines and upper second premolars with and without contact point between individuals submitted to orthodontic treatment associated with the extraction of the first maxillary premolars. Methods: Individuals were submitted to orthodontic treatment without extracting or extracting the first maxillary premolars. The control group was formed by the canines and premolars of 30 upper dental hemiarch of individuals treated without dental extractions. Among the individuals treated with extraction of the first upper premolar, the teeth adjacent to the extraction sites that presented contact point were allocated in group 1 (16 hemiarch) and those that did not present contact point were allocated in group 2 (17 hemiarch ). Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated to determine the effect of tooth movement to the extraction site and the absence of interproximal contact point in the periodontal tissues. The level of significance was 5%. Results: Group 1 presented significantly less favorable values for CG for plaque index, depth of probe, attachment loss and height of the proximal bone and in relation to group 2 for plate index and marginal bone crest. Group 2 showed clinically unfavorable parameters only in relation to CG for gingival margin height and clinical attachment loss. Conclusion: The movement of maxillary canines and second premolars to first premolar extraction sites significantly affected their periodontal characteristics, but with a potentially small impact and therefore with questionable clinical relevance. The absence of a contact point between the canines and the upper second premolars did not significantly affect the periodontal status of these teeth.