Atividades farmacológicas de extratos e formulações tópicas do caule de Spondias mombin L.: perspectivas para o tratamento de inflamação e lesões cutâneas

Abstract

Spondias mombin L. is a fruitful and medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, wounds and inflammation. In this study, chemical constituents and the topical anti-inflammatory and healing activities of extracts and gels from S. mombin were evaluated. EEBSM (bark) and EEWSM (wood) extracts were obtained by static maceration in ethanol. These extracts were partitioned to obtain hexane (HFBSM and HFWSM), dichloromethane (DFBSM and DFWSM), in ethyl acetate (EFBSM and EFWSM) and butanol (BFBSM and BFWSM) fractions. From EEBSM and EEWSM, the GEEBSM and GEEWSM gels were prepared. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. EEBSM, EEWSM, EFBSM, EFWSM, BFBSM and BFWSM were analyzed by TLC and HPLC-DAD-UV. Using extracts (0.1, 0.5 and 1mg/ear) and gels (1, 3 and 5%), the topical anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by ear edema induced by Croton oil, while the wound healing activity was performed by cutaneous lesions test. Histopathological analysis and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-β-D- glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were assessed. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 0.27±0.07 to 11.99±0.80 (bark) and 0.82±0.08 to 3.80±0.15 (wood) g gallic acid equivalents/100g and from 0.53±0.05 to 5.26±0.06 (bark) and 0.75±0.01 to 2.04±0.03 (wood) g quercetin equivalents/100g, respectively. Ellagic acid was identified in EEBSM, EEWSM, EFBSM, EFWSM, BFBSM and BFWSM. After 6 hours of treatment, EEBSM (53.83 to 63.06%), GEEBSM (41.45 and 43.48%), EEWSM (37.51 to 49.30%) and GEEWSM (45.02 to 50.70%) inhibited the edema thickness. In 24 h, the edema thickness was reduced by EEBSM (56.22 to 58.01%), GEEBSM (44.79 to 60.67%), EEWSM (44.11 to 62.69%) and GEEWSM (49.38 to 62.88%). In this time, the extracts and gels also diminished the edema mass and the MPO and NAG activities. Histopathological analysis revealed that the extracts and gels decreased the ear edema, leukocyte migration and vasodilation. After 14 days of treatment, the extracts and gels produced complete healing with reduction of the lesion area and increase in the degree of contraction, as well as decreased epidermis and polymorphonuclear, and increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. The results suggest that the extracts and gels from S. mombin contain active substances and present anti- inflammatory and healing activities, which support the traditional uses and may represent an alternative for the treatment of cutaneous inflammation and lesions.