Atividade antiproliferativa e toxicidade in vitro do extrato seco de Annona ambotay (Aubl.)

Abstract

Brazil has a great natural biodiversity and, consequently, to become a important country for the investment of pharmaceutical industry and researchers, aiming the discovery of new bioactive compounds and possible innovate therapeutic approaches. Due to the scarcity of data on the biological activities of the Annona ambotay (Aubl.), the objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity activity in vitro against normal cell lines of murine fibroblast (L929) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT), as well as the antiproliferative effect against tumoral cell lines of human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) and murine breast cancer (4T1). Additionally, to evaluate the toxicity against Artemia salina of the dried extract of A. ambotay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect was performed by 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and, finally, the lethality assay in Artemia salina was performed according with Meyer et al. (1982) with some modfications. The results of the dried extract showed great antioxidant activity with extract concentration that inhibits 50% of DPPH radical (IC50) equal to 8.30 μg mL -1. In relation to cytotoxicity in cell lines of fibroblast and keratinocyte, was established cell viability variation of 16% to 57% and 28% to 68%, respectively, when compare the treatment with the control group. The antiproliferative effect was also evidenced against tumor cell lines of breast cancer MDA-MB-231, MCF7 and 4T1, with IC50 of 116.32 μg mL-1, 126.87 μg mL-1 and 11.04 μg mL-1, respectively. A toxic effect was evidenced in the Artemia salina assay with a LC50 of 296.78 μg mL-1. The joint analysis of the results allows to conclude that the dried extract of Annona ambotay presented promising biological activities, because of the good antioxidant activity and the antiproliferative effect against the tumor cell lines of breast cancer and the toxicity in Artemia salina.